Similarity and difference of works

The book of Karlo Kollodi combines fabulousness, cheerful

 imagination of the author and the original real world included

 in this fabulousness. All its characters: the speaking cricket

, the fox, the cat, the fisherman, the inhabitant of "the country

 of the fools�  have real  prototypes in the Italian reality.

 Critics define the style of a fairytale as �fantastic realism�

which is often accompanied by the lively folk humour

 frequently transforming and even satire.

The tradition of �comedies of masks� plays a big role in the

 story. After all Pinokkio is taken therefrom. The author

 constantly reminds the reader about it: when the wooden boy

gets to the company of theatrical puppets they accept him; and

 actions of a tale, a plot are being built by the laws. Not in vain

 it is easy to play at the theatre that is being done both in Italy

 and in Russia successfully .

 Throughout the book

 Pinokkio into different

 situations,experiences a

lot of adventures which

are not a chain

 ofaccidents at all. They

 are united by common

 themes whichhave deep

 moral, humanistic sense.

Silly,self-confident,thoughtless

Pinokkio receives lessons of behavior,

 educationfrom the life.

 All those lectures which

he hears from hisfather, a

 talking cricket, a fairy

 have no value till

 Pinokkio is not convinced

 it by correctness, justice

in practice. Main "tutors" of the wooden boy � deprivations,

 hunger, collisionswith dishonest people.

He receives salutary lessons from the behavior of kind

 andwarm people, clever and noble animals � a tuna, a dog,

the falcon and others too. Original punishment for offences is

 not a rebuke but  asinine ears, the long nose which he

 received.

Working, studying, helping others Pinokkio turns into a well-

educated boy, real person. That   is the main idea of the fairy

 tale. It shows us how difficult is to become a real person, to

 find a live soul, how many obstacles and temptations is

 necessary to overcome on this way.

Now we will consider the contents of the "The little gold key"

 in the system of deviations from the original, i.e. from "The

 adventures of Pinokkio" because these deviations are much

 more serious in the sense of  the ethical plan versus they are

interpreted by M.S.Petrovsky.

Pinokkio  becomes clear  morally in his adventures and tests 

and finds soul, becomes a real  boy. Buratino  remains a

 wooden doll, and  it is  hardly possible to agree with

 M.S.Petrovsky  that "to transform Buratino  into a person

 would be absurd - he is the person". The plot of this "fairy

 tale" contains author's deliberate opposition of the wooden

 little man to real people; it is one of the most notable ethical

moments which were underlined by the author. So the image of

 Buratino can be considered as an image of the real person

 only in the sense of a quite concrete person who has features

 of a specific and the absence of such transformation in the

 plot includes concrete moral author's estimation - Tolstoy's

 negative attitude to any real person.

Secondly, not a less important difference of "the Golden key"

 from "The adventures of Pinokkio" - a scene of action. Only

 the Country of the Fools only is taken from "the little gold key"

  included  all other places (including the Country of

 Hardworking Bees) are not included. It is necessary to get a

 grasp more attentively where exactly Buratino lives and

 wanders. Outwardly everything looks as it`s clear - there is

"a small town on the bank of the Mediterranean " and there is a

 City of Fools in the Country of the Fools (Bolvaniya in

 K.Kollodi`s work).

      The border of the Country of the Fools  is accurately

 outlined too - "behind the broken bridge through the dried up

 stream". But the heroes of a fairy tale  scurry about there and

 backwith ease, Duremar collects bloodsuckers in a pond near

 the City of the Fools; the fox Alice and Karabas Barabas

 address to the local police without ceremony and policemen in

 the City of Fools wear the same triangular hats as policemen

 in small town on a hillock. Karabas Barabas breaks to  a

 closet of Karlo by "a name of the Tarabarsky king". And this

 combination - "the Tarabarsky king" -  meets four times on one

 and a half pages! The author meaningly draws attention to it

 and  only in the end of the  tale we find out that "the small town

 on a hillock" is in Tarabarsky country. One of the  meanings of

 the word  "Tarabarsky" - "senseless".

Then all the events occur in one state but

 the author deliberately mixed "a political

 card" of his "fairy tale". By the way, we will

 pay attention to the following details: When

 Buratino went to school, "he even did not

look at the sweets exposed in benches at all

 , - papaverous  triangles on honey , sweet

 pies and sugar candies in the form of cocks

 putting on a stick". And here is how the fox

 of Alisa tells about the City of the Fools: "In

 this city well-known jackets on hare fur are

 on sale... Ah, what sweet pies and lollipops are on sale!" The

 lop-sided belltowers in the City of the Fools also fall under the

 sign symbols of Russia. There are not  two different countries

  and A.N.Tolstoy confirms about "particularly taken country"

 in the play "The little gold key" - there all events occur in the

 country of the Tarabarsky king, the pond with Tortilla is "near

 capital of Tarabarsky king".

So, the notorious Country of the Fools has obviously

 recognized features of Russia which one what - imperial or

 Soviet? The answer arises from that in a Soviet period it was

 possible to laugh over imperial Russia  freely . But to confirm

 about it  unequivocally is possible only on the basis of the facts which specify the characteristic signs of that time.

A.N.Tolstoy's fairy tale �The golden key� uses some motives of

 Kollodi`s tale but it   changes an original plot strongly enough.

 Up to a scene of coins`s buring  in the Field of Miracles the

 plot of Buratino and Pinokkio develops almost equally with a

 difference in fine details (for example, instead of Malvina

 there is a Fairy with the  appearance of Malvina). But after

 digging out the coins by the cat and  the fox which were

 buried by Buratino there will be no plot coincidences to

 Pinokkio don`t meet any more. As a name of the main

 character the word of Buratino is chosen(ital. burattino � a

puppet, a doll, the clown)and it  is in the title of the Kollodi`s

 book too.

    One of the main differences of  Tolstoy`s tale from a fairy

 tale of Kollodi � the absence of morality. "The adventures of

 Pinokkio" �  is a frank and full the moralising work. Almost

 each episode is accompanied by vast moral maxims. The

 author moralizes, its heroes do � both Karlo, and the fairy

 with blue hair, and a cricket, and squirrel, and a dog of

 Alidoro (a prototype of Artemon), and Pinokkio moralizes. In

 Kollodi`s tale everybody moralizes , in Tolstoy`s one �

 nobody.

Pinokkio of Tolstoy is much more naughty than Pinokkio of

 Kollodi who was burdened with this ballast. The author's

 relation to the hero varies also: instead of preceptorship we

 see an admiration.

   The character of Buratino is shown in constant development;

 the heroic beginning in the wooden boy is often looked

 through outwardly comic. So, after brave fight with Karabas

 Malvina forces Buratino to write a dictation but he instantly

 thinks out an excuse: "Writing-materials haven`t been taken".

 Buratino is loved by children that he is successful not only in a

 fantastic way but also has originally human weaknesses and

lacks. Buratino does not change his character and appearance

 till the end of a book plot. It ruthlessly stops all attempts of

 his   re-education of daddy Karlo and Malvina. He remains a

 doll. Pinokkio listens to  constant re-education and in the end

of the book he becomes the brought up boy who had left a doll mask.

   And one more of the main differences: in the Italian fairy tale

there is no main image of a Buratino tale, there is no its key

 metaphor and the most significant symbol � a gold key.

One more essential difference of "The adventures of Buratino"

 from "Adventures of Pinokkio" - the romance of Pero and

 Malvina.

Landscapes of Kollodi differ from Tolstoy's landscapes.

 Instead of the vast description of a night thunder-storm - with

 a wind howl, a thunder, a lightning and other fake effects -

 Tolstoy enters: "Trees rustled, shutters clapped", - and all the picture of disturbing night is ready.

  Some other details: daddy Karlo unlike Dzheppetto was not

 put in prison,

Instead of a fox there is a dog-fox,  the drawn copper is

 present in the  fireplace, seigneur Mandzhafoko (analogue of

 Karabas) does not ask Pinokkio about the drawn copper and

 does not mention the Golden  Key though gives five gold coins

  too, unlike Pinokkio Buratino does not make traumatic

 amputation of a cat`s  paw at an attack of robbers, instead of

 Malvina there is a fairy with the same appearance and the

 same poodle, there is no admirer of Malvina � Pero. Unlike

 Buratino the long nose of Pinokkio becomes longer when he

 tells lies.

Tolstoy kept and strengthened that what  had made a fairy tale

 of Kollodi a tale for children and provided it with mighty

 popularity - a narrative saturation, an abundance of freakish

 episodes and fantastic adventures, unexpected turns of action

 from ridiculous to terrible and back. All fairy tale has moved:

 turned from the world of adult in the world of children by

 Kollodi, it began to come nearer to the idea  of the children's

 world in Tolstoy�s writings .

Till the meeting with the Cricket the story about Buratino goes

 in  the storyis tracks about Pinokkio. From this point the

  editing went in a large way and  outgrew in free creativity; it

 became impossible  to continue work on a printing copy. The

remark of the Cricket � the  point of rupture of A. Tolstoy from

 K.Kollodi and the beginning of prompt approach of a fairy tale

 to problems and means of actually creativity of Tolstoy. The

 archive testifies that for three months of work the writer had

rewritten the whole fairy tale from beginning to the end for

 several times. The happiness which is found by dolls appears

 in front of them in the  image of ideal utopian theatre. Own

 theatre is a native element of heroes of a fairy tale,

 fatherland`s dolls. The fairy tale for children got value and

 important for A. Tolstoy�s adult readers and, first of all, for

the author himself. Widespread representation about the

 limited originality of the fairy tale of A. Tolstoy, about its

 secondariness in relation to the fairy tale of Kollodi - is

 categorically incorrect.      

 launching pad,  knowing nothing about the flight,  To speak

about the dependence of "The adventures of Buratino" from

"The adventures of Pinokkio" means to speak about

 dependence of "A long ordeal" , trilogy of Tolstoy, from the

Old Russian story "The virgin`s Circulation on torments"

 .While  working at the fairy tale the thought of the artist was

much more occupied by the novel which he  postponed and to

 which he would return than by  the  fairy tale of Kollodi.